1. Origin, Structure, and Molecular Architecture
1.1 Natural Source and Biochemical Account
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Animal protein-based lathering representatives are acquired mostly from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from slaughterhouse spin-offs such as hooves, horns, bones, and hides.
Through controlled alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis, these structural proteins are damaged down right into amphiphilic polypeptides rich in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which have both hydrophilic (– NH TWO,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) practical groups.
This dual affinity makes it possible for the particles to adsorb effectively at air– water user interfaces during mechanical oygenation, lowering surface area tension and stabilizing bubble formation– an important demand for generating uniform cellular concrete.
Unlike artificial surfactants, pet protein lathering agents are naturally degradable, safe, and exhibit superb compatibility with Portland cement systems because of their ionic nature and moderate pH buffering capability.
The molecular weight circulation of the hydrolysate– normally in between 500 and 10,000 Da– straight affects foam stability, drainage price, and bubble dimension, making process control during hydrolysis vital for consistent efficiency.
1.2 Foam Generation Device and Microstructure Control
When watered down with water (typically at ratios of 1:20 to 1:30) and presented right into a foam generator, the healthy protein option creates a viscoelastic movie around entrained air bubbles under high-shear problems.
This film resists coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven development of larger bubbles at the expense of smaller sized ones– by developing a mechanically durable interfacial layer strengthened through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
The resulting foam displays high development proportions (normally 15– 25:1) and low drain prices (
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