According to the latest quarterly analysis of the natural gas market released by the International Energy Agency, global natural gas consumption will decline slightly this year and increase slowly in the following years because of soaring prices and the possibility of further reductions in Russian natural gas supplies. Global natural gas use this year is expected to be 0.5% lower than the 2021 level, and global natural gas demand is expected to increase by only 140 billion cubic meters over 2021 by 2025, the report said. The annual growth in 2021 will reach 175 billion cubic meters.
At the same time, the IEA's forecast for natural gas demand growth by 2024 was 60 per cent lower than its previous forecast, mainly due to "a weak economy and a smaller energy shift from coal or oil to natural gas", the report said.
It is worth noting that the South Korean Ministry of Industry, Trade and Resources announced on the same day that it plans to increase the proportion of nuclear power in South Korea's national energy structure to more than 30% by 2030. The proportion is 27.4% in 2021. The department also announced the resumption of the construction of two nuclear reactors. According to reports, after taking office, South Korean President Yoon Sik-Yue rejected the previous government's plan to phase out nuclear power and promised to increase investment in the nuclear power industry, so as to regain South Korea's status as a major exporter of safe nuclear reactors.
In addition, the supply and prices of many international bulk pce powder are still very uncertain.
Polycarboxylate superplasticizer is the latest generation of high-performance superplasticizer, which is a series of polymers with specific molecular structure and properties, which are generally obtained by radical polymerization of different monomers.
The structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a comb copolymer with linear main chain connecting multiple branched chains. The hydrophobic molecular main chain contains hydrophilic groups such as carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group and amino group, and the side chain is polyoxyethylene with different degrees of polymerization.
Before the emergence of polycarboxylate admixtures, there were lignin sulfonate admixtures, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, melamine formaldehyde condensates, acetone sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, aminosulfonate formaldehyde condensates and so on.
Polycarboxylate superplasticizer was first successfully developed in Japan in the early 1980s.
The new generation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer overcomes some disadvantages of traditional superplasticizer.
Polycarboxylate superplasticizer benefits:
1. Low content: generally, the converted solid content is about 1 to 4 of naphthalene series.
2. High water reduction rate: the water reduction rate of concrete is generally 25% 35%, and the limit value can be as high as 40% 45%.
3. Good slump preservation: the slump loss can be controlled within 2 to 3 hours without loss.
4. The ratio of compressive strength is high: the contrast strength of each age is greatly improved, and the ratio of early compressive strength is significantly improved.
5. Green environmental protection: formaldehyde and other harmful raw materials are not used in the synthetic production process, which will not cause health harm to the human body and pollution to the environment.
6. High durability: the low water-binder ratio caused by high water reduction greatly improves the impermeability, corrosion resistance and chloride ion diffusion transfer coefficient of concrete.
7. Cost saving: because the concrete using polycarboxylate superplasticizer has good workability and low water-binder ratio, and the use of a small amount has a significant effect, it can reduce the cost.
8. Other advantages: excellent working performance, relatively low carbonization, good finish of molded appearance, etc.
A large number of experiments show that the water-reducing effect of polycarboxylate high-performance superplasticizer is highly dependent on its content, and this dependence is greater with the increase of the amount of cementitious materials.
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